Point of View Shot - LB

a point of View Shot is literally what it says, the shot is made to look like you are looking through the eyes of a specific character, usually by loose movements and placing it at a height relative to the Character they are focusing on. This Technique is used to make things seem more personal, as if you are actually experiencing it first hand like if you were reading a book in the first person. This can be very effective to create a specific feeling, for example in a horror film you could use the pov shot to build up tension by havign someone looking around nervously and then have something jump up on screen. it can be a very useful technique to use.

Providing and withholding information - CD

Providing and withholding information is used in tv programmes and films. It is where the audience knows more about the characters than they do. Some writers allow the audience to find out before the characters.

Editing Rythm - CD

Editing Rhythm is what editors use to the keep the pace of the film up to match the action that is happening in the film. Slow cut edits have a calming feel to the edit where as fast cut edits have an exciting lively effect to it.

Cutting to Soundtrack - CD

This means the edit point is determined by the soundtrack used. An example of this is in glee where in most of this clip they use the beat of the music to determine the editing points. Sometimes the editing works around the song. For example fast song, fast editing and slow song, slow editing.

Fade in/out - CD

A fade in fade out is a casual transition to one scene to another or just to a black screen. This can show the passing of time. To show another day has started or to change scenes. This is an effective quick way to show the passing of time.                                                                                                                  

Splicing - CD

Splice editing was very popular in the olden days. It is where you cut up pieces of the film and stick them together so that it cuts to another scene. It is a device which can be used to physically join together lengths of photographic film. It is mostly used in motion pictures. There are different types of splicing; Cement Splicers, Tape Splicers, Ultrasonic Splicers and Thermal Paper Slicers. All of these different methods are popular in the world of film editing.

Creating Motivation - CD

You have to keep the audience motivated and interested in your footage. To do this you have to keep the running of it smooth. If you make jerky shots which don’t make sense then it will annoy the audience and make them loose interest in it. You have to make sure you make smooth shots from one transition to another.

Storytelling - CD

Any sequence needs to be able to tell a story to keep the audience engaged and interested in the story line. The first step to do that is good editing to make the footage more entertaining to watch.

Combining Shots in Sequences - CD

This is where you put together all the shots and make them fit together and look right. Once all of the shots have been individually edited they can all be placed together. A good sequence is where the edit looks invisible so that the audience can only see one long shot.

In this final scene of Mr and Mrs Smith different shots have been combined together to make a sequence.

Development of Drama - CD

Development of drama

Using different camera shots at certain points and the way the scenes are edited together can determine the intensity of a clip. Putting certain clips together can make the scene better and develop drama.

Creating pace - CD

Creating pace is where they cut from scene to scene very quickly to make it more exciting. This could make the audience focus more on the film as they wont want to miss anything. It is used to speed up or slow down a film. Action films are usually fast paced the shots are usually short and quickly cut to another. Drama films usually use slower shots this is to make the film seem more serious and dramatic and so the audience has longer to understand the scene and characters in it.

In this dramatic final scene of the kings speech they use very long shots and slow cuts to the other characters this creates a slow pace. This is to show the characters full emotions and how they are feeling. This will make you connect with the character more as you are seeing his full emotions.

Relationship to Genre - CD

Relationship to drama is basically the term used to match what happens in the film to the genre. Different genres have different conventions when it comes to editing. Different styles and techniques are used to illustrate the genre of the film.  For example- horror movies will typically be very dark and have a lot of creepy non diegetic music. Where as comedy’s tend to have a light hearted theme to it and happy endings and very upbeat characters. Horror movies will use the build up of scary music to make the scene more intense and scary. Horror movies also use sudden movements to make the audience jump.

In this clip from nightmare on elm street they use a sudden burst of loud music to make the audience jump, they then use quieter creepier music to make the scene more intense. They have used dark lighting and they have used children singing which makes it more scary as its taking something innocent and turns it into something dangerous and scary.

Continuity - LB

Continuity editing is used to show a smooth flow of time, for example if you was filming someone walking from one place from another you would want each shot to follow seamlessly on from the last or else it would confuse the audience and ruin the magic making it seem obviously edited. When watching a film everyone obviously knows that it has been edited but it is the editors job to make it look as invisible as possible so that people don’t focus on it and pay attention to the actual storyline. It is extremely easy to make a lazy error such as someone wearing a different item of clothing randomly, props switching hands in different shots and so on.

Jump cutting - LB

Jump cuts Although Technically breaking the rules of continuity editing can be sometimes used purposefully for an intended effect. a Jump cut is when multiple shots do not switch seamlessly making it appear as though the character on screen has jumped abruptly. if not used purposefully a jump cut could ruin what is being edited by breaking the rules of De emhpasizing the visibility of the edit. it is the job of the editor to make the edit seem as invisible as possible. used purposefully they can be used to draw audiences attention to a particular message within a film or to add pace and suspension.

This film Called breathless uses a lot of jump cuts in this scene i think it may possible to show the pace of the journey as fast and to emhpasize his points as when he is listing what is nice about the girl there is a jump cut making it really stand out

Montage - LB

a Montage is an editing technique used to primarily show a long passage of time in a short brief overview of the events that have transpired. it os often more entertaining to watch than to see everything happening individually. this can be used effectivley and entertainingly but it can very easily come off as cheesy unless of course that is the intended Feeling from the montage.

This Advertisement by three for broadband is a hilarious Take on Cliché 80's Montage using Very typical synthesized music and showing them doing lots of cliche film things, such as training with gym equipment and breaking raw eggs into a glass to drink. it is very clearly montaged for comedic effect for example showing 3 different windows at the same time of a man carrying equipment up a hill but each with different weather. Although not as fast as a montage and with more people than usual it still undeniably a montage. a Hilarious one at that.

Cross Cutting - LB

Cross cutting in editing is when Two Scenes are shown at the same time by cut back and forth between each one to tell a particular story or to build up Suspense. These 2 scenes Always culminate at the end and lead to a big climax. this technique can is often used in action horror or thriller as it is a great tool to build up suspense and leave the audience of the edge of their seat because it creates expectations and thoughts and the hope they will be soon explained or confirmed.


These 2 scenes from The silence of the lambs are a prime example of cross cutting or as they call it parallel editing. It shows the Serial killer with one of his victims in his house which then cuts away to FBI forces and police surrounding a house ready to break in. the 2 scenes cross together continuously from this point building up even more suspense until the end when it turns out the editing was used to purposefully mislead you into thinking something else. I think it was very cleverly used to create tension but expell it but then to revive it again after The FBI have realised they have got the wrong house and the severity of the situation it makes you feel even more worried than before.

Eyeline match technique - LB

The eyeline match Technique is basically where the camera stays in line with the persons eye line and then cuts to show what the person is looking at. This is a very easy technique to make continuity mistakes with this such as showing the person looking one way and cutting and then cutting back to the person looking a different way. unless done on purpose this would look silly and Confuse the audience.



This is a perfect example of eye line match, it is effective because your attention is never drawn away from her face or eyes or what she is loooking at. and even though the picture that she is looking at isnt even in the gallery where she is being filmed you would never actually notice unless you already knew.

180 Degree rule - LB

180' Rule

The 180' Degree rule is a cinematic technique that means when filming not to go around the actors in shot over 180' or else they will be flipped like a mirror image . Imagine if there was a line the actors were stood on whilst having a conversation, crossing the line would be breaking the 180' rule. Not always a crucial rule it can be purposefully broken for a specific reason for example to symbolise a shift in power or a role Reversal, however in doing so this would make the editing a bit less invisible.

This scene shows a breaking of the 180 degree rule on purpose to possibly show the shift of roles, as the old man was once the care taker but now Jack is the new caretaker so their roles have flipped. The breaking of this rule is instant instead of rotating around the characters smoothly. this could represent a sudden realisation.

Introduction

In this assignment We will be exploring the principles of Editing. we will be showing the humble beginnings of editing and showing how it has changed with technology over time. We will also go into detail of Editing Techniques and show examples.